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Vul. Fedorova, 08 – residential building

ID: 733

The late Baroque building on Fedorova street 8 (conscription no. 181) was constructed in the late 18th century after a substantial reconstruction of two old Renaissance townhouses called “Lyskovychivska” and “Nestorovychivska” or, in Polish spelling, “Liskowiczówska” and “Nestorowiczówska”. Stylistically, it has preserved characteristic features of the Renaissance, Baroque, and Historicist periods. According to the resolution of the Council of Ministers number 442 dated 6 September 1979, the house was entered in the National register of monuments under protection number 1275. 

History

16th c. – the “Yustkovychivska” and, later, “Nestorovychivska” townhouses are built.
1610s – the “Lyskovychivska” house is built by Paolo Romanus, a well-known Lviv architect.
Late 17th c. – murals on religious themes (the Mother of God Incarnate) are made by Oleksandr Lianytsky, a Lviv painter.
2nd half of the 18th c. – a substantial reconstruction and merger of two houses, the “Kryve Kolo” one and the “Yustkovychivska” one, by Michał Rzewuski; a fourth floor is added.
Early 19th c. – minor repairs and reconstructions of the house.
1884 – the wooden shingle roof is replaced by a tin one.
1889 – repair and construction works are conducted.
1910 – the ground floor premises are substantially reconstructed to adapt them for the imperial and royal post office (architect and constructor Ludwik Veltze). A lot of artistic decorative elements dated to the 17th century are discovered, including a beamed ceiling, stone window transoms with a dividing column without decorative carving, a carved white stone column, murals on religious themes in the staircase window transoms.
1931 – a wing is constructed.
1934 – a part of the second floor premises is reconstructed into two apartments with bathrooms.
1960s – the house’s façades are repaired by the Lviv Interregional Restoration Workshops.
2005 – restoration and adaptation works are carried out in the ground floor premises to the left of the gate (architect Yuriy Dubyk). A stone carved interfenestral column and Renaissance beamed ceilings (16th-17th cc.) are discovered, as well as an arcature consisting of three semicircular arches with carved white stone Gothic toes and some other things.

The building on Fedorova street 8 is located at the rear of the eastern Rynok (Market square) quarter. It was built in the place of two old townhouses which in the 17th-18th centuries were known after the names of their owners. The one on the right was called “Lyskovychivska” or “Kryve Kolo” (“The Curved Circle”); the one on the left was called “Yustkovychivska” and “Nestorovychivska”. The first one was owned by the Armenian family of Toros Lyskovych (Lyskoviat); the second one belonged to the Ukrainian family of Krasovsky. The “Lyskovychivska” house was built in the 1610s by Paolo Romanus, a well-known Lviv architect, who was constructing the Bernardine church and monastery and the Benedictine church and convent at the same time. Later the house owned by Hryhoriy Lyskovych got the name of “Kryve Kolo” (“The Curved Circle”) from a curved street near the Dominican church, in front of which it stood. The owners of this townhouse were merchants dealing in wax candles and roots. The second, “Yustkovychivska”, house passed in the possession of Stefan Nestorovych Krasovsky in the 17th century; it was from his name that the house eventually became known as “Nestorovychivska”. Stefan Nestorovych, a Ukrainian, was one of the richest citizens of Lviv. His fortune was estimated at 100 000 guldens. Apart from money in cash, this amount included also the cost of three townhouses in what is now Lviv’s historic center. In 1676, at the coronation sejm of king Jan III Sobieski, Stefan Krasovsky was ennobled and exempted from taxes. After Stefan’s death the house passed to his son, Mykola Krasovsky, who was the clerk and later the senior of the Stauropegial Brotherhood. After he died in 1697, the house was inherited by his sister. In 1725 she sold it to Adam Rzewuski, the then castellan of Podlachia, who was the possessor of the “Royal Townhouse” (or the Korniakt palace) situated on the Rynok square 6. The latter’s son, Michał Rzewuski, bought also the “Kryve Kolo” townhouse, merged it with the “Yustkovychivska” one and reconstructed them in the Empire style. This substantial reconstruction took place in the second half of the 18th century. It was then that a fourth floor was also added.

In the early 19th century this merged townhouse changed several owners. In the mid-19th century it was owned by Kazimierz Dendor, a well-known Lviv citizen. In 1861 Julian Papara, an owner, applied to the Magistrate for permission to arrange a door in place of a window opening. In 1866 the Magistrate obliged Julian and Stanisław Papara to repair the house as it was in an unsatisfactory condition: the chimney had rotten through and the third floor ceilings had sagged. From 1870 the house was owned by Marianna Papara. According to the archival records, in 1872 Chaim Kramarowicz, a tenant, restored a supporting pillar in the wing. In 1877 Marianna Papara wanted to replace the old wooden shingle roof with a new one but in 1880 the Magistrate obliged her to cover the roof with a fireproof material. A new tin roof was made only in 1884. Some repair and construction works were conducted in 1889 by Franciszek Mozer, a new owner.

In 1910 the townhouse was bought by Józef Chmieliński, a Lviv theatre actor. In the same year the ground floor premises were substantially reconstructed to adapt them for the imperial and royal post office. The project was drawn up by Ludwik Veltze, an architect and constructor. In the course of the repair works a lot of artistic decorative elements dated to the 17th century were discovered. Thus, a larch beamed ceiling with traces of red paint was discovered under a layer of plaster in a large ground floor room situated to the left of the entryway. A similar ceiling was also discovered in a small room on the second floor. Apart from painting, the beams were decorated with carved rosettes. Stone niche with two windows and a dividing column without decorative carving were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster in the same large ground floor room. In another ground floor room, a carved white stone column was found in a niche which had been closed by a timber frame wall filled with brick. The most interesting thing found in this house were murals discovered under a layer of plaster in the staircase window transoms. These murals on religious themes (the Mother of God Incarnate) may have been made by Oleksandr Lianytsky, a Lviv painter, in the late 17th century. Before the restoration works started, the Magistrate consulted the so-called Grono Konserwatorskie (Restoration Society). By a letter dated 4 February 1910 the Grono endorsed the planned adaptation, under the stipulation that all ornamented parts would remain intact after being cleared, as well as the disclosed beam ceiling in the large ground floor room. In 1928 the building was estimated at 56,000 zloty.

In 1931 Abraham Hruber, an owner, constructed a wing. In 1934 a part of the second floor premises was reconstructed into two apartments with bathrooms. In the 1960s the house’s façades were repaired by the Lviv Interregional Restoration Workshops.

In 2005 some restoration and adaptation works were carried out in the ground floor premises to the left of the gate (architect Yuriy Dubyk). A stone carved interfenestral column and Renaissance beamed ceilings were discovered. All beams are carved which was typical of the Lviv Renaissance townhouses of the 16th-17th centuries. An arcature consisting of three semicircular arches with carved white stone Gothic imposts was discovered on the southern wall. A partially ruined portal with a meander ornament was disclosed in the wall between the rooms. A fragment of a Gothic arch was disclosed on the northern wall in the smaller room.

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Architecture

The four-storied eight-window townhouse comes basically from the 16th century though it was reconstructed and renovated considerably in the course of the 18th-19th centuries. Its ground floor is decorated with board rustication and separated from the upper floors by an interfloor cornice. The entrance door, which is shifted to the right and has a white stone shaped segmental portal, as well as a small figure-shaped window with a forged grating above it belong to the 18th century. The  doors come from the same time. A balcony supported by simple-shaped consoles is arranged on the second tier level above the portal. The upper floors window framings are made of plaster. Spaces under the second floor pediments are filled with garlands. Recessed rectangular areas under the third floor windows are framed with fluted pilasters. The crowning cornice is decorated with moulded consoles. The gate leading to the courtyard is bridged with a cross vault supported by carved stone imposts. There are three- and four-storied wings in the courtyard; some architectural elements of the 16th-17th centuries have survived in them.

Some old architectural elements have also been preserved in the staircase structure. Stone interfenestral Tuscan order columns, which were probably constructed in the 17th century, have survived in the same place on the second floor level; now they are plastered and whitewashed.

The windows and doors of the wing situated to the left of the entrance are decorated with white stone framings on all tiers. In this wing, the first tier balcony is supported by stone cantilevers with rosettes. A bas-relief depicting the Mother of God with the Child (19th c.) is embedded over the white stone shaped portal of the bricked up door. Now the bas-relief is painted with oil paint. Two pairs of the second and third floor windows have white stone framings with fine Renaissance pediments, decorated with triglyphs and rosettes. Some more modest white stone window and door framings have been preserved on the second and third floors of the main building’s courtyard façade.

In 2005 some restoration and adaptation works were carried out in the ground floor premises to the left of the gate (architect Yuriy Dubyk). A stone carved interfenestral column and Renaissance beamed ceilings were discovered. All beams are carved which was typical of the Lviv Renaissance townhouses of the 16th-17th centuries. An arcature consisting of three semicircular arches with carved white stone Gothic imposts was discovered on the southern wall. A partially ruined portal with a meander ornament was disclosed in the wall between the rooms. A fragment of a Gothic arch was disclosed on the northern wall in the smaller room.

The house has preserved typical features belonging to different periods: the planning and spatial structure of the two Renaissance townhouses; characteristic late medieval interiors and the courtyard façades architectural appearance of the 17th century; a Baroque white stone portal of the main entrance; a staircase of the 18th century; the main façade architectural appearance of the 19th century.

Personalities

Abraham Hruber – an owner of the townhouse who constructed a wing in 1931.
Adam Rzewuski – a castellan of Podlachia, a possessor of the “Royal Townhouse” (or the Korniakt palace) situated on the Rynok square 6, who bought the “Nestorovychivska” house in 1725.
Hryhoriy Lyskovych (Liskowicz) – an owner of the “Lyskovychivska” house which was also called “Kryve Kolo”.
Kazimierz Dendor – a Lviv citizen who owned the house in the mid-19th c.
Marianna Papara – an owner of the house from 1870.
Mykola Krasovsky (Mikołaj Krasowski) – Stefan Krasovsky’s son, a clerk and later the senior of the Stauropegial Brotherhood.
Michał Rzewuski – Adam Rzewuski’s son, an owner of the “Nestorovychivska” house, who bought the “Kryve Kolo” house and merged it with the “Nestorovychivska” one in the second half of the 18th c.
Oleksandr Lianytsky (Lanicki) – a Lviv painter who made the murals on religious themes (the Mother of God Incarnate) in the late 17th century.
Paolo Romanus – a well-known Lviv architect who built the “Lyskovychivska” house in the 1610s.
Stanisław Papara – an owner of the house in the late 19th c.
Stefan Nestorovych Krasovsky (Nestorowicz Krasowski) – one of the richest citizens of Lviv, a Ukrainian, an owner of the “Yustkovychivska” house; it is from his name that the house became known as “Nestorovychivska”.
Toros Lyskovych (Lyskoviat) – a Lviv Armenian who owned the “Lyskovychivska” house.
Franciszek Mozer – an owner of the house from the late 19th c.
Chaim Kramarowicz – a tenant of the house in the 19th c.
Józef Chmieliński – an actor of the Lviv theatre, an owner of the house from 1910.
Julian Papara – an owner of the house in the late 19th c.
Yuriy Dubyk – an architect and restorer who carried out restoration and adaptation works in the ground floor premises to the left of the gate in 2005.
Jan III Sobieski – a king of Poland.

Sources

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